The first large commercial computers to use integrated circuits, RCA highlights the IC's advantage over IBMs custom SLT modules. System/360 is a major event in the history of computing. The Watch was received with great enthusiasm, but critics took issue with the somewhat limited battery life and high price. A (n) _____ is a computer that controls access to the hardware and software on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information.
Computer Chp. 1&2 Flashcards It is recognized by the 2006 Guinness Book of World Records as the greatest selling single computer of all time.
Chapter 1 Flashcards | Quizlet History of computing hardware (1960s-present) - Wikipedia The RISC microprocessor had a 32-bit integer arithmetic and logic unit (the part of the CPU that performs operations such as addition and subtraction), a 64-bit floating-point unit, and a clock rate of 33 MHz. Eventually, SABRE expanded, even making airline reservations available via on-line services such as CompuServe, Genie, and America Online. An experiment conducted five months later on the MIT Whirlwind computer confirmed how useful and convenient a keyboard input device could be. It developed a very loyal following while add-on components allowed it to be upgraded easily. Working under Tom Kilburn at Englands Manchester University, Richard Grimsdale and Douglas Webb demonstrate a prototype transistorized computer, the "Manchester TC", on November 16, 1953. The word "computer" was first used in 1613 in the book The Yong Mans Gleanings by Richard Braithwaite and originally described a human who performed calculations or computations. What type of integration strategy is a teacher using when she has her students link up with local writers who critique the students' stories and email them feedback before their work is finalized and posted online? At 4 million operations per second and 4 kilobytes of memory, the 80386 gave PCs as much speed and power as older mainframes and minicomputers. What is a typical classroom application for instructional games? The replica is currently on display at the Computer History Museum. Spinning at 12,500 rpm, the 650s magnetic data-storage drum allowed much faster access to stored information than other drum-based machines. Updates called _____ contain fixes and enhancements to the operating system. They did. Using dual PowerPC 603 CPUs, and featuring a large variety of peripheral ports, the first devices were used for software development. If a social studies teacher wanted to poll students anonymously about their opinions on a local issue, what tool might she use to gather their data? It was the first microcomputer to sell in large numbers. The original design included two memory boards and could generate and store 512 characters as 16 lines of 32 characters. The TRS-80 proved popular with schools, as well as for home use. Lisa is the first commercial personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI). The Nest would remember what temperature users preferred by training itself to monitor daily use patterns for a few days then adopting that pattern as its new way of controlling home temperature. Within weeks of its appearance, customers inundated its maker, MITS, with orders. Northrop was initially reluctant to make MADDIDA a commercial product, but by the end of 1952, six had sold. VTech, founded in Hong Kong, had been a manufacturer of Pong-like games and educational toys when they introduce the Laser 128 computer. Started in 1943, the ENIAC computing system was built by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania. Output was displayed on the users home TV screen through use of an adapter. The result was the Relay Interpolator, later called the Bell Labs Model II. The first generation of Palm-produced devices, the Palm 1000 and 5000, are based around a Motorola microprocessor running at 16MHz, and uses a special gestural input language called Graffiti, which is quick to learn and fast. A full-scale working replica of the ABC was completed in 1997, proving that the ABC machine functioned as Atanasoff had claimed. 1945: Memex (D) Most of those individuals and companies that could be expected to make up the potential market for the Regent microcomputer have already filled their microcomputer needs.
Free Flashcards about Chapter 1 OSystems - StudyStack In 1975, Scelbi introduced the 8B version with 16 KB of memory for the business market. University of Manchester researchers Frederic Williams, Tom Kilburn, and Geoff Toothill develop the Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), better known as the Manchester "Baby." Which of the following is one strategy often used in online courses to ensure academic integrity? By the early 1990s, Dell became one of the leading computer retailers. The HP-35 helped HP become one of the most dominant companies in the handheld calculator market for more than two decades. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. Constructed at MITs Lincoln Laboratory, the TX-0 moved to the MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics, where it hosted some early imaginative tests of programming, including writing a Western movie shown on television, 3-D tic-tac-toe, and a maze in which a mouse found martinis and became increasingly inebriated. The AGCs first flight was on Apollo 7. While many early digital computers were based on similar designs, such as the IAS and its copies, others are unique designs, like the CSIRAC. The TV Typewriter was used by many small television stations well in the 1990s. Based around the Texas Instruments TMS 9900 microprocessor running at 3 MHz, the TI 99/4 has one of the fastest CPUs available in a home computer. Built in Sydney, Australia by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research for use in its Radio physics Laboratory in Sydney, CSIRAC was designed by British-born Trevor Pearcey, and used unusual 12-hole paper tape. What is the general term for software whose source code is made available for free and permits users to use, change, and improve it? What set the 486 apart was its optimized instruction set, with an on-chip unified instruction and data cache and an optional on-chip floating-point unit. It was developed as a versatile instrument controller for HP's growing family of programmable test and measurement products. The 6600 retained the distinction of being the fastest computer in the world until surpassed by its successor, the CDC 7600, in 1968. These tools take over the task of doing arithmetic functions so that students can focus on higher level mathematics concepts Spreadsheet This software is sometimes credited with starting the "microcomputer revolution" in schools, since it was the first software package available for home computers. That means if you want to get started collecting microcomputers, knowing which system to go for first can be overwhelming. The machines system of connections and switches let processors broadcast information and requests for help to other processors in a simulation of brain-like associative recall. Operational by 1964, it was not the first computerized reservation system, but it was well publicized and became very influential. MADDIDA (Magnetic Drum Digital Differential Analyzer) prototype. After being successfully used for decades, NTDS was phased out in favor of the newer AEGIS system in the 1980s. SSEC goes on display IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) When was the word "computer" first used? A large amount of software was created for the BBC Micro, including educational, productivity, and game programs. The Difference Engine #2 at the Science Museum, London. The Standards Eastern Automatic Computer (SEAC) is among the first stored program computers completed in the United States. The Apple II, one of the first commercially successful microcomputers, was debuted at the inaugural show of which annual computer industry conference? At the 2006 World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) announces it will create a program to deliver technology and resources to targeted schools in the least developed countries. High packaging density of integrated circuits and a novel Freon cooling system also contributed to its speed. SWTPC introduces many computer kits based on the Motorola 6800, and later, the 6809. Download now! refers to symbols that represent fast objects and ideas. Completed in 1951, Whirlwind remains one of the most important computer projects in the history of computing. The first large-scale computer communications network, SAGE connects 23 hardened computer sites in the US and Canada.
A Brief History of the Microcomputer - TurboFuture The Z3 was used for aerodynamic calculations but was destroyed in a bombing raid on Berlin in late 1943. It was believed that ENIAC had done more calculation over the ten years it was in operation than all of humanity had until that time. Apple's Macintosh Portable meets with little success in the marketplace and leads to a complete redesign of Apple's line of portable computers. Compaq's success launched a market for IBM-compatible computers that by 1996 had achieved an 83-percent share of the personal computer market. When connected to a color television set, the Apple II produced brilliant color graphics for the time. The banking industry rushed to adopt the machine, built to run during repair or expansion. It was also one of the first computers to use all-diode logic, a technology more reliable than vacuum tubes. Combined with an enhanced bus interface unit, the microprocessor doubled the performance of the 386 without increasing the clock rate. [3] IBM SSEC, became operational in January 1948 but was electromechanical [22] Based on the Intel 8008 microprocessor, the Micral is one of the earliest commercial, non-kit personal computers. Many credit the PS/2 for making the 3.5-inch floppy disk drive and video graphics array (VGA) standard for IBM computers. Lisa itself, and especially its GUI, were inspired by earlier work at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. 2. The title of first commercially available general-purpose computer probably goes to Britains Ferranti Mark I for its sale of its first Mark I computer to Manchester University. Microcomputers are an interesting part of the history of both computing and video games. In 1984, Michael Dell creates PC's Limited while still a student of the University of Texas at Austin. True/False True The most controversial changes to Windows in Windows 8 were the GUI. Commodore even used Star Trek television star William Shatner in advertisements. True The term DBMS is used in reference to spreadsheet software. Each credit card-sized Arduino board consisted of an inexpensive microcontroller and signal connectors which made Arduinos ideal for use in any application connecting to or monitoring the outside world. Designed by Don Lancaster, the TV Typewriter is an easy-to-build kit that can display alphanumeric information on an ordinary television set. Federico Faggin led the design and Ted Hoff led the architecture. The Invention of the PC These innovations made it cheaper and easier to. and taking up a volume of less than 1 cubic foot. The TRS-80 line of computers later included color, portable, and handheld versions before being discontinued in the early 1990s. One of the first commercially produced computers, the companys first customer was the US Navy. Astronauts communicated with the computer by punching two-digit codes into the display and keyboard unit (DSKY).
Mid-Term Exam | Digital Literacy Quiz - Quizizz - Quizizz The world The design packed 800 vacuum tubes into a relatively compact 12 square feet. The US Army asked Bell Laboratories to design a machine to assist in testing its M-9 gun director, a type of analog computer that aims large guns to their targets. Term. One biblical scholar even used a Univac 1 to compile a concordance to the King James version of the Bible. Which software tool would be helpful for preparing a newsletter? Wang sold the 2200 primarily through Value Added Resellers, who added special software to solve specific customer problems. While Apple sued to remove the Laser 128 from the market, they were unsuccessful and the Laser remained one of the very few Apple clones for sale.
PDF DOCUMENT RESUME - ed microprocessor/ processor. Of the following, which is one of the controversies surrounding use of word processing in schools? Modeled after the Cambridge University EDSAC computer, the president of Lyons Tea Co. has the LEO built to solve the problem of production scheduling and delivery of cakes to the hundreds of Lyons tea shops around England. Of the dozens of different SWTP kits available, the 6800 proved the most popular. The Treo sold well, and the line continued until Handspring was purchased by Palm in 2003. Physicist Stan Frankel, intrigued by small, general-purpose computers, developed the MINAC at Caltech. These are the two categories people usually use to describe tutorial software functions. What can be accomplished by using the Quality Matters standards and the Rubric for Assessing Interactive Quality? T/F False Storage on a mobile device is usually an SSD (Solid-state drive).
Types of Software used in Business - MBA Knowledge Base IBMs initial investment of $5 billion was quickly returned as orders for the system climbed to 1,000 per month within two years. It was originally created for a nuclear missile design project in 1949 by a team led by Fred Steele. The 48-bit machine used 92 point-contact transistors and 550 diodes. Over the next few years, the basic design of the IAS machine was copied in at least 17 places and given similar-sounding names, for example, the MANIAC at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory; the ILLIAC at the University of Illinois; the Johnniac at The Rand Corporation; and the SILLIAC in Australia. The University of Michigan Micro Mote (M3) is the smallest computer in the world at the time of its completion. The US Navy Tactical Data System uses computers to integrate and display shipboard radar, sonar and communications data. The MOS 6502 was introduced at a conference in San Francisco at a cost of $25, far less than comparable processors from Intel and Motorola, leading some attendees to believe that the company was perpetrating a hoax. Airline reservation agents working with SABRE. Originally a joint project with IBM and Microsoft, OS/2 is know maintained by IBM, and was a competitive product to the various MS Windows programs. Powerful microcomputers developed for use by commercial, educational and government enterprises are called ____. assist teachers in preparing student IEPs. Definition. About 50,000 were sold in Britain, primarily to hobbyists, and initially there was a long waiting list for the system. It was designed by MIT Lincoln Laboratory engineer Wesley Clark. Acorn spun off ARM as its own company to license microprocessor designs, which in turn has transformed mobile computing with ARMs low power, high-performance processors and systems-on-chip (SoC). The project became the One Laptop per Child Consortium (OLPC) founded by Nicholas Negroponte, the founder of MIT's Media Lab. Palm could be connected to a PC or Mac using a serial port to synchronize sync both computer and Palm. The upgraded and faster Tianhe-1A used Intel Xeon CPUs as well, but switched to nVidia's Tesla GPUs and added more than 2,000 Fei-Tang (SPARC-based) processors. What do sites such as edshelf, Learning List, What Works Clearinghouse, EdSurge Product Index, and Common Sense Education help teachers with? Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1. The British Broadcasting Corporations Computer Literacy Project hoped to introduce interested adults to the world of computers. Acorn produces a popular computer, the BBC Microcomputer System, so viewers at home could follow along on their own home computers as they watched the program. The Air incorporated many of the technologies that had been associated with Apple's MacBook line of laptops, including integrated camera, and Wi-Fi capabilities. Wang was a successful calculator manufacturer, then a successful word processor company. Which of the following is not a benefit offered by simulations? server. Franklin was able to undercut Apple's pricing even while offering some features not available on the original. Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. Headquartered in Maynard, Massachusetts, Digital Equipment Corporation, took over 8,680 square foot leased space in a nineteenth century mill that once produced blankets and uniforms for soldiers who fought in the Civil War. Lenovo became the largest manufacturer of PCs in the world with the acquisition, later also acquiring IBM's server line of computers. See Answer.
How to Get Started Collecting Microcomputers - MUO With the success of the clone, Compaq recorded first-year sales of $111 million, the most ever by an American business in a single year. Johnniac was used for scientific and engineering calculations. It used $120 worth of electronics components, as outlined in the September 1973 issue of hobbyist magazine Radio Electronics. For research, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) supplied the components, and 50 original LINCs were made. Southwest Technical Products is founded by Daniel Meyer as DEMCO in the 1960s to provide a source for kit versions of projects published in electronics hobbyist magazines. True False What is the first step when designing and creating a web page or website? The Mark 1 was a refinement of the experimental Manchester Baby and Manchester Mark 1 computers, also at Manchester University. Which software function could help students memorize the correct names of chemical elements? Developed for Busicom, a Japanese calculator maker, the 4004 had 2250 transistors and could perform up to 90,000 operations per second in four-bit chunks. ____ operating systems are typically used for a network platform. The first Q1 microcomputer was delivered in December of 1972, making it the first, as far as he can tell. [21] The first stored-program computers [ edit] Several computers could be considered the first stored-program computer, depending on the criteria. Quizlet is the only app you need to study and learn. If a student is creating within Minecraft or Sims, what type of computer programming products are they designing and making? The company called it a connected organizer rather than a PDA to emphasize this ability. An ecologist, for example, could sprinkle thousands of motes from the air onto a field and measure soil and air temperature, moisture, and sunlight, giving them accurate real-time data about the environment. Colligan, Dubinsky, Hawkins (left to right). Since the release of the Macintosh in 1984, Apple has placed emphasis on high-resolution graphics and display technologies. Apple introduces their first ultra notebook a light, thin laptop with high-capacity battery. Their first product, the HP 200A Audio Oscillator, rapidly became a popular piece of test equipment for engineers. True/False False Mac OS X (now macOS) runs the same kernel used in its predecessor, Mac OS 9. While the PC Jr. sold poorly, the PC/AT sold in the millions. What is a key technological infrastructure resource for online teaching? Select the power connector that is specified by the ATX Version 2.2 standard, which allows more power to the motherboard for PCI Express (PCIe) devices. Intended to be a less expensive alternative to the PET, the VIC-20 was highly successful, becoming the first computer to sell more than a million units. Shortly after delivery of the Atari VCS game console, Atari designs two microcomputers with game capabilities: the Model 400 and Model 800. Its chiclet keyboard was also criticized for poor ergonomics. In 2012, Apple introduced the Retina display for the MacBook Pro laptop and iPad tablet. In some places, lower populations of ELL students may result in distorted data analysis. Doug Ross wrote a memo advocating direct access in February. This keyboard design was dubbed the Butterfly. The need for such a design was lessened as laptop screens grew wider. Students included future computing pioneers such as Maurice Wilkes, Claude Shannon, David Rees, and Jay Forrester. It was the fastest computer in the world from November 2009 to June 2010. Its price was $2,500. That same year in Germany, engineer Konrad Zuse built his Z2 computer, also using telephone company relays. [2] A joint project of Englands Manchester University, Ferranti Computers, and Plessey, Atlas comes online nine years after Manchesters computer lab begins exploring transistor technology. Manipulate the data according to specific rules (process) 3. The Commodore 64 was one of the most popular microcomputers of its era, and is the best-selling model of home computers of all time. The Pentium introduced several advances that made programs run faster such as the ability to execute several instructions at the same time and support for graphics and music. IBMs 7000 series of mainframe computers are the companys first to use transistors. Acorn's ARM RISC microprocessor is first used in the company's Archimedes computer system. The most popular operating system for small microcomputers in the late 1970s was CP/M, written by Gary Kildall in about 1974 and marketed by the company he started, Digital Research, Inc. IBM visited Digital Research in August 1980 - some say at the suggestion of Bill Gates - to investigate using "CP/M-86, their upcoming version for . OPENSTEP was used as one of the foundations for the new Mac OS operating system soon after NeXT was acquired by Apple in 1996. The boss wants it to have a complex user interface with a time display, touch panel buttons and accurate timing for the toast cycle. The Relay Interpolator used 440 relays, and since it was programmable by paper tape, was used for other applications following the war. Level. Operator at Complex Number Calculator (CNC). Walt Disney Pictures ordered eight of the 200B model to test recording equipment and speaker systems for the 12 specially equipped theatres that showed the movie Fantasia in 1940. Truong, founder and president of the French company R2E, created the Micral as a replacement for minicomputers in situations that did not require high performance, such as process control and highway toll collection. The Baby was built to test a new memory technology developed by Williams and Kilburn -- soon known as the Williams Tube which was the first high-speed electronic random access memory for computers. The Apple Mac computer running the Mac OS System 1 was the first commercially available computer with a graphical user interface. A. A series of pulleys transported continuous rolls of punched paper tape containing possible solutions to a particular code. Answer: . The notion of storing both data and instructions in memory became known as the stored program concept to distinguish it from earlier methods of instructing a computer. Apple introduces the Macintosh with a television commercial during the 1984 Super Bowl, which plays on the theme of totalitarianism in George Orwells book 1984. The VAIO line of computers would be best known for laptops were designed with communications and audio-video capabilities at the forefront, including innovative designs that incorporated TV and radio tuners, web cameras, and handwriting recognition. _____ account allows changes that affect other users, changes to security settings, installation of software and hardware, and access to all files on the computer. Oddly, the company doesn't use the term in its marketing, preferring instead to refer to the microcomputer (which it calls a "Micom") that implements the fuzzy logic. It was eventually housed at NASAs Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. Steve Jobs, forced out of Apple in 1985, founds a new company NeXT. The typical PDP-1 computer system, which sells for about $120,000, includes a cathode ray tube graphic display, paper tape input/output, needs no air conditioning and requires only one operator; all of which become standards for minicomputers. User interface The 2200 used a built-in CRT, cassette tape for storage, and ran the programming language BASIC. Univac computers were used in many different applications but utilities, insurance companies and the US military were major customers. spreadsheet program Xerox wasnt interested. The 6502 and its progeny are still used today, usually in embedded applications. Operators directed actions by touching a light gun to the SAGE airspace display. . Which two kinds of software are designed primarily for use by individuals rather than by groups of students? Shareware is a software program that is given away by the author for others to use free of charge.
Which Software Was The First Available For Microcomputers? It used a MOS Technologies 6502 microprocessor running at 1 MHz. More than one hundred Paragons were installed over the lifetime of the system, each costing as much as five million dollars. IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC). Which kind of software is required to edit a movie from filmed video footage?
Information Management System Chapter 3 Quiz - CourseBB The Univac 1 is the first commercial computer to attract widespread public attention. While imprisoned at Buchenwald concentration camp for the rest of World War II, he refines his pre-war design of a calculator featuring a modified version of Leibnizs stepped drum design. The first IBM PC, formally known as the IBM Model 5150, was based on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor and used Microsofts MS-DOS operating system. In 1979, Truong sold R2E to Bull. Introduced at the Altair Convention in Albuquerque in March 1976, the visual display module enabled the use of personal computers for interactive games. Designed by John V. Blankenbaker using standard medium-- and small-scale integrated circuits, the Kenbak-1 relied on switches for input and lights for output from its 256-byte memory. Sun Microsystems grows out of this prototype. Dollars. A total of ten Colossi were delivered, each using as many as 2,500 vacuum tubes.
Microprocessors from 1971 to the Present - InformIT Windows NT was a version of Windows that included a graphical interface on top of a DOS kernel. By the mid-1960s, nearly half of all computers in the world were IBM 1401s. Within a year, he had built the worlds first laser printer, launching a new era in computer printing, generating billions of dollars in revenue for Xerox. Tracks on the drum did the mathematical integration. At a cost to computer makers of roughly $700, the ASR-33 Teletype is originally designed as a low cost terminal for the Western Union communications network. The system was kept at NASA Ames Research Center until 2013, when it was removed to make way for two new supercomputers. In 1973, after selling only 40 machines, Kenbak Corporation closed its doors. Instead of designing a custom controller, two young engineers from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) -- Gordon Bell and Edson de Castro -- do something unusual: they develop a small, general purpose computer and program it to do the job. 25. Programmer Arthur Samuels used the 701 to write the first computer program designed to play checkers. In 1983 Zojirushi introduced a rice cooker that was among the first consumer-oriented products to rely on fuzzy logic.