latin abbreviations in church records latin abbreviations in church records

Examine the syntax within the presented context. Im looking at Irish marriage records and see ASHE Catherine .orse EFFER in 1841. 9 0 obj There are links to materials focusing on texts in different languages including Latin. <> Thanks. Common Latin abbreviations abbreviation Latin translation usage and notes A.D. anno Domini "in the year of the Lord" Used to label or number years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars.The A.D. or the Christian calendar era is based on the traditionally reckoned year of the conception or birth of Jesus of Nazareth, with A.D. counting years after the start of this epoch, and B.C. This is one of the Latin abbreviations frequently used in German documents. By breaking this into smaller pieces, it is possible to understand what it is saying (with the help of Google Translate and my schoolboy Latin): 1846 die decimo octavo menses MaiiThe eighteenth day of May 1846, null legitimo impedimento detectono lawful impediment was detected, ego Carolus Middlehurst Apcus. The relicta reference indicates that Elisabeth was a widow of a man named Gregorij. In an old Danish parish record book (1750s), the abbreviations Comm. and Comp. are used consistently in the baptism entries. The normal format in Latin seemed to be: Thomas filius Henrici BLOGGS et Anna uxor ejus baptizatus fuit (date in Latin) Anno Pro. Hi, I studied medieval Irish history at Trinity College, Dublin but this one stumps me. Words that have extra strokes over one or more letters, or over the whole word, or that include odd symbols or superscripts, are very likely abbreviations. To be certain, please check with an appraiser of antique jewelry as I suspect it may have a more specific meaning, such as the death of an infant. Apos. Church Abbreviations. Ultimo (often abbreviated "ult."): Ultimo or Ultimo Mense is a Latin . This is a mixture of Latin and English abbreviations. - "pro tempore" (temporary or acting in the place of). I remember a particularly tense parent-teacher conference when I was a girl, during which the teacher implied that I wasnt well-suited for the subject. These include records of baptisms or christenings, marriages, deaths or burials, and confirmations. The Jewish scribes and Talmudic scholars also had frequent recourse to abbreviations. For example Jacobum (accusative form of Jacobus) can mean Jacob or James, cross checking with census records will resolve this. I don't know what they mean. Need assistance? Any ideas? New York: Robert Appleton Company. The person was born in 1827 and died in 1914. Some people use "Note" for the same purpose. Here may also be classed the abbreviated forms for the name of God, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Ghost; also for the names of the Blessed Virgin, the saints, etc. endobj Marriage Register - matrica (marriage register), bannorum (register of marriage banns), liber. endobj ", "viz." The Catholic Encyclopedia also has a list of ecclesiastical abbreviationsand All-Acronymns.com includes a list of Latin Acronyms and Abbreviations. The research information obtained in 1959 shows triplets (Mattaeus, Antonius, and Joanna) born "28.X.1874". This page has been viewed 61,888 times (0 via redirect). The year of Christ the Savior, similar to A.D. Used when referring the reader to a passage beginning in a certain place, and continuing, e.g., "p.6 et seqq." [closed] +3 votes. Im not familiar with Hungarian abbreviations, but these are Latin terms which would have been customary to use in a Catholic record. When Christian names are written in Latin it is not always clear what the English equivalent is. The writing is hard to read, the records are not standardized, and, most importantly, it is in Latin. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Negative = "No"; Negative et amplius = "No with emphasis"). Sometimes notices are copied from newspaper to newspaper, and if a notice was republished more than 30 days from its first publication, the interpretation would be incorrect. Translating Parish Records - Births. 3. Dear Erudita74, Thank you so much! The exact usage of the term varies between British English and American English. 3 Responses Melanie Zumwalde says: May 5, 2022 at 4:44 pm. ? = quarto; oversize book, wf/o = wife ofadmon or admin = letters of administrationcol. The second may begin with an n and the third may be Lustruis or something similar. I am well.". hiVr\JB+C.ZD H $m^m.vs'dD0ZG_Jb.seuu Note that first names are in Latin and so again there can be uncertainty over James/Jacob etc. The abbreviations N. and Nblius seemed to me to be an abbreviation for Nobilis, meaning Noble, but the abbreviations G. and Gnosis had me stumped until I learned that these abbreviations stood for Generosis, again meaning Noble, albiet a Noble of higher status than one with only the title Nobilis. I see that you wrote me some time ago. But, many other documents, court records in particular, include an abundance of abbreviations that may be a mystery to the casual reader of Latin documents, especially when one's Latin vocabulary is limited. The mark at the end of this word looks a bit like a 'y', or the letter 4 on a calculator screen. Nearly all Roman Catholic church records used Latin to some extent. The full Latin titles of all existing (Latin) dioceses may be seen in the Roman annual, "Gerarchia Cattolica", a complete list of the Latin names of all known dioceses (extant or extinct) is found in the large folio work of the Comte de Mas Latrie, "Trsor de chronologie, d'histoire et de gographie" (Paris, 1884). In 1752, two changes were made to the English Calendar. Different endings will be used if a word is masculine, feminine or neuter, as well as to indicate singular or plural forms of a word. The phrase itself seems to suggest that the mother is well is this a subtle way of saying that the child was born out of wedlock? My family was doing research in a cemetery and found a grave stone with a cross. By Rick Crume Premium. <> Rector Miss or MR equates with Missionary Rector. Comm: Giertrud Nielsdatter and Berthe Pedersdatter from Grenn. (See the related Blog article Understanding Terms Found in Historical Newspapers). 1 0 obj Were the children legitimate or illegitimate, and did some or all children die within the lifetime of a parent? (honestus adolescens) Nicolaus Jochim D. (defunta) Friderici Adami Jochim praetoris hujatis et Annae Barbarae secunda ejus uxorii defuncta legitimus cum P.V. Widows and Widowers: Consort and Relict. Latin for local history : an introduction, A Latin glossary for family and local historians, Understanding Documents for Genealogy and Local History, Paleography: Interpreting Handwriting in Genealogical Research, Some Notes on Medieval English Palaeography. They do not tell us where an event took place, unless it is specifically stated. xpher or Xpoferus= Christopher The first two letters are not really X and p but the greek letter X (Ch) and p (r) Xp was a customary abbreviation for Christ. BTU. In reading early church records from Preston, CT (1700's) I have come across some abbreviations and terms I do not know the meaning of. is used to indicate a detailed description of something stated before, and when it precedes a list of group members, it implies (near) completeness. Once I got used to them, it wasn't a problem. Before 1811, baptismal records are the main source for information about an ancestor's birth date. Online tutorial acquainting viewers with medieval Latin scripts and abbreviations. Used in editing to indicate that something should remain as it is, and not be changed. I am Catholic myself, but have no idea what this means. A list of those used in Roman Republican and early Imperial times may be seen in James Chidester Egbert, Jr.'s Latin Inscriptions (New York City, 1896), 417459. Theres a record for the baptism, on 25 May 1708 in Penistone (Yorkshire, England), of Hannah, daughter of Abra Wood. How to Read Old German Church Records. Also includes a list of Latin and Hungarian terms for occupations and causes of death. Thank You again, Your email address will not be published. Hello, I frequently see obt before death dates on Victorian mourning jewelry. Required fields are marked *. }w~3SVZ|1 8 The following abbreviations are those most commonly used in genealogical records. (pudica virgine) Maria Eva Gade Joes Georgii Gade Scabini et hospitis ad ursum et Barbarae ejus uxorii legitimus. (Renata is also Latin . I agree that it looks like JP C. I would contact a county historian to verify, but it probably indicates he was a justice of the peace for the county. <> con." "Latin Genealogical Terms." AM. A Sampler of Latin Terms, Given Names and Abbreviations Found in Sacramental Registers. Here are some abbreviations you may find in genealogy records. Praesentibus ) Joanne Edwards (talis loco) Notice in this newspaper clipping example, Margaret is referred to as the relict, or widow, of the late William McCarron. To get you started, let's take a look at a typical Catholic church marriage record from the 1880s. Latin was used in legal and church records in the past. %PDF-1.5 Foot Shape Ancestry: What Your Toes Can Tell You, 1960s Facts: Fun, Interesting & Historical USA Trivia, Knowing Your Ancestors Professions Can Yield New Insights into Colonial Life, Researching Your Pilgrim Ancestry from Mayflower Ship Passengers, 1950s Fun Facts: Pop Culture & Historical USA Trivia. LATIN Meaning Abbreviated Abbreviations Common. Therefore January, February and most of March were the last months of the year. Anno Dni. Usually at the end of mathematical proofs. Can refer to one's body of business practices. They multiplied with time, and were never so numerous as on the eve of the discovery of printing; many of the early printed books offer this peculiarity, together with other characteristics of the manuscript page. Most of these 1813 Catholic baptismal records include an abbreviation following the names of the parents, and before the names of godparents. Learning to read Roman numerals and a little basic Latin will help you transcribe and understand the manuscript documents that you collect. Used to indicate additions to a text after the signature of a letter. <> This is a list of common Latin abbreviations. I suspect it may refer to s.p. The means of abbreviation were usually full points or dots (mostly in Roman antiquity), the semicolon (eventually conventionalized), lines (horizontal, perpendicular, oblong, wavy curves, and commas). (to which class belong the numerous Catacomb inscriptions); finally some miscellaneous abbreviations like those used in the publication of documents concerning beatification and canonization. Coad, You will see that the priest is expected to indicate his rank. If this is a child or mothers record, the p could possibly stand for partem (birth) and the d.f. % Mary is a genealogist, author and editor with a strong technology background. Most popular Latin abbreviations updated in February 2023. <> For queries or advice about historical, social or cultural records relating to Northern Ireland, use the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland (PRONI) . Comp: Eric Thomsen fromTierstrup, Eric Rasmussen, etc. Jos = Joseph. Abbreviations: Ano Dom. Call Number: FLS2016 038003 [PA2814 .G36 1995 OVERFLOWJ34], Call Number: FLS2016 040538 [PA2895 .M67 1989 OVERFLOWJ34]. In later years, I discovered that I shared my moms passion for genealogyand when I started seeing old documents with Latin phrases such Caesars Veni, Vidi, Vici (We came, We saw, We conquered), my early education studying the Latin language started paying off. Latin was used in legal and church records in the past. We value your, A Genealogists Guide to Old Latin Terms & Abbreviations. Commonly, such contractions appear at the end of a word andtheysometimes include a stroke to indicate that letters are missing. Another Latin abbreviation found in genealogy documents. Rutter, Sampson, Swinerd, Head, Redman in Kent. Many priests did start using English before . Church Records - parish matrica (parish registers) Death Register - certificato di morte. Quantin, Prou). for de facto (in reality) or de fide (article of faith.) Refer to the FamilySearch Wiki on the subject: Look . Introduction: In this article, Mary Harrell-Sesniak explains some of the old termsmany of them derived from Latinthat genealogists encounter during their family history research. See also, "for the time being", "temporarily", "in place of". The abbreviation conjug- legitt-can also easily betranscribed as conjugum legitimorum, meaning lawfully married, if one has previously seen this term written out in full. Home : Encyclopedia . YRp&2NbNKf\(jnams#L-B2IVq&)G#O}s#a0HkDUM-F^Z?4nen\Om\k\ro|E https://www.thoughtco.com/latin-genealogical-word-list-1422735 (accessed March 5, 2023). 4 0 obj Another Latin abbreviation, sometimes seen before a pastor's name. young man legitimatus per subsequius matrimonius . In "Xmas" the second letter has been dropped.Jas = James In the 1860 census for Randolph County, Alabama, my ancestor Joseph Currie is listed as Framer, JTC (according to Ancestry.com. Translation: Honest young man Nicolaus Jochim son of deceased Friedrich Adam Jochim mayor of this town and Anna Barbara deceased his second legitimate wife with chaste virgin Maria Eva Gade daughter of George Gade, alderman and innkeeper (adursum??) The ecclesiastical words most commonly abbreviated at all times are proper names, titles (official or customary), of persons or corporations, and words of frequent occurrence. Common Latin Words Found in Genealogy Documents. A second class of abbreviations includes those used in the description of liturgical acts or the directions for their performance, e.g. Latin Abbreviations. The abbreviations of the titles of Roman Congregations, and of the individual canonical ecclesiastical authorities, belong also to this class. Did you see that its definition includes widower? As one would expect, these printed versions were entirely in Latin. Dates may be given in Roman numerals. in this 1718 Marriage record from Rulzheim, Germany? Fortunately, a growing number of online books and websites address these issues of Latin contractions and abbreviations. Anno pto. If you search the Latin word list at Genproxy.co.uk, youll notice that Latin even has specific words to specify if someone was a 2nd great grandparent. This is SO helpful! Latin Names. Great post, Steve. . For shorthand marks in Latin inscription and manuscripts, see, List of less common abbreviations and usages, Glossary of scientific naming Latin abbreviations, List of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions, "United States Government Printing Office Style Manual, Chapter 9: Abbreviations and Letter Symbols", "COMMONEST ABBREVIATIONS, SIGNS, ETC. I?m not really sure what the MI/ML may stand for, possibly Margaret/Mary-Elizabeth. <>/Font<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 720 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> testibus ) Maria Daniel (talis loco) adel- nobility. frequency, e.g. There was less medieval abbreviation in the text of books much used on public occasions, e.g. Rici=of Richard. (LogOut/ Thank you for this question. Hi, Thank you for your message. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Herbermann, Charles, ed. the scribes often included titles and postnomials while describing the people named in the documents and often abbreviated those titles and postnomials. endobj However, try entering caelebs into the Perseus Latin Dictionary at Tufts University. juvenis (abbreviation: juv.) We encounter a plethora of long forgotten archaic terms while doing our genealogy research, mostly in what some consider a dead language: Latin! Two similar historical Latin terms often found in old obituaries are consort and relict; as noted in the following examples, they tell a researcher specifically if a woman was a widow prior to her death, or if her husband became a widower after she died. The list of 9.3k Church acronyms and abbreviations (February 2023): 50 Categories. There are several factors that make these records difficult to read, including the facts that: In my own research, the contractions, abbreviations, titles, and postnomials have often confounded my ability to transcribe and translate the documents I encounter. Used in Latin descriptions of organisms, particularly plants, to indicate that a name is due to the author or authors. Lets have a look at an example that I saw in the marriage register for St Marys in Wigan, Lancashire: 1846 die decimo octavo menses Maii, null legitimo impedimento detecto, ego Carolus Middlehurst Missus. In some churches, children were baptized the . So this type of register is much easier to understand. B16 = Pope Benedict XVI. The Record Interpreter: A Collection of Abbreviations, Latin Words and Names Used in English Historical Manuscripts and Records. "Ecclesiastical Abbreviations". Using this guide, you can glean the most Latin documents may be difficult toread and interpretat the best of times, but with an increasing number of online resources, the translation ofdocuments in Latinneed not be an impossible task. It may be well to state at once that since 29 December 1878, by order of LeoXIII, the great papal documents (Litterae Apostolicae) are no longer written in the old Gothic hand known as bollatico; all abbreviations, with the exception of a few obvious ones, like S.R.E., were abolished by the same authority (Acta Sanctae Sedis, XI, 465467). A part of the monarch's title, it is found on all British coins. The first class of abbreviations includes those used in the composition of Pontifical documents. How Was Queen Victoria Related to Prince Albert? These records can be divided into two categories: Non-Sacramental Records and Sacramental Records. Although the specific requirements for keeping parish registers have changed from time to time, the formats of baptisms,marriage and death/burial entries have stayed basically the same. endstream Since the Council of Trent (1545-1563), Catholic parish priests have been required to keep record of certainsacraments in bound register books. It is possible that these abbreviations may refer to the names of the parents. missals, antiphonaries, Bibles; in one way or another the needs of students seem to have been the chief cause of the majority of medieval abbreviations. As seen in the previous examples, relationship statuses can be specific in Latin. ", "&e.", "&ct.", and "&ca.". is commonly used in English instead to convey this meaning. The first was from the Julian to the Gregorian Calendar. She teaches at the Genealogical Institute of Pittsburgh and the Salt Lake Institute of Genealogy. Under this general heading may be included all abbreviated forms of addresses in ordinary intercourse, whether of individuals or of members of religious orders, congregations, institutes, to which may be added the forms of addresses usual for members of Catholic lay societies and the Papal orders of merit. ; likewise abbreviations used in the administration of the Sacraments, mortuary epitaphs, etc. To me it looks more like JP C). After constructing something, normally to show its existence. Merovingian, Lombard, and Anglo-Saxon scripts offer each their own abbreviations, not to speak of the unique scotica manus or libri scottice scripti (Irish hand, or books written in the medieval Irish hand). This book is out of copyright and available for download for free as a PDF file from the Internet Archive. Denby is a community near Penistone, but what does trem. endobj 14 0 obj Missus., it looks as though both words are abbreviations but it doesnt seem too important at this point. It is found on all British coins minted during the reign of a monarch who is a queen. Short intro followed by lists of abbreviations for Latin terms found in church records. lists Christian names; lists titles of columns in registers; . In its 240 pages, it also provides detailed guidance on locating and using all the main Irish family history record collections - census, civil registration, land and property records, newspapers, probate and military records - as well as directing researchers to the best online resources and tools. Christening records for most Catholic countries may include the following information, depending on the time period when they were created: Given name and surnames of the person . Although not the common spoken language in England, the official written language was Latin until 1733. RP ,Oj5tI/nZCKSajhaXL\nbIwVuq\kn/fH$Hm[H+bilGxKr*AG1R./oF*"@ 1)f6l4T !g6vp^_f6,e[?{x?q7Q=/f:8#(YzB3pC?hFNA~? g8qD06*hMU+yA@4#N{fFt(F28n) ^M)2 )G,r% +~%6xm+4b7j; oj{7vy{@ used as example, "Name, o.c., date, volume, page" - I can only guess it means obtained conversion, but would like to know for sure. As they seem to become accepted usage in genealogy. I suspect that this entry is from a manuscript book register with the entries written out in free text. Mary. This example comes from St. Sylvester's Church, Kilauea, Kauai, Hawaii. I go to my abbreviation finder website, . Before 1752, the year officially began on 25 March. endobj This word means once and so gives the mother's maiden name. ;A-(?%,-!A;Mg/5s/E?N98wb#"[wpOG4/|{*0LUCK,Yd%K,Yd%K,Y;]soXk)O~qg>zW~D}'v7V>{A]V'^R/?. Catholic Family History Society CD/DVD-ROM Publications, Catholic Family History Society Print Publications, Cyndi's List of Genealogy Sites on the Internet. ThoughtCo. Used in several related senses such as "in the sense of" or "in accordance with". 5 Million More Newspaper Articles Recently Added! Baptismal records should have been kept since the Trente council of 1545-1563, but for most areas they only survive since the early to mid 1600s. 1733 is also generally reckoned to mark the end of the use of Latin in Church of England parish registers - but not Roman Catholic For example, in taxonomy ", Used in abbreviations in "S.S.Theol.Doct." As if deciphering old records that were written, you suspect, with watered down ink and a nib that had seen better days was not hard enough, you often have the added complexity of them being written in Latin. adelig - nobel. St Mary in the town of Wigan, Jacobum Hall filium Georgii et Marie Hall de Staley Bridge et Annam Heaney filiam Nicolai et Judith Heaney de WiganJames Hall, son of George and Mary Hall of Staley Bridge, and Anne, daughter of Nicholas Heaney and Judith Heaney of Wigan, interrogavi, eorumque mutuo consensus habito, solemniter per verba de praesenti matrimonio conjunxiI asked, and having their mutual consent, solemnly united by words of marriage. However, I must give a word of cautionmeanings and interpretations change over time. In the transaction of ordinary business the Roman Congregations are wont to use certain brief and pithy formulas (e.g. = natus; birth; son; offspringms. D&period;C&period; Decreto Conscriptorum. 8 0 obj absolvere - to give absolution. Church Abbreviations in Latin. Miss. CCC = Catechism of the Catholic Church. }~eXV2B7F(b `-; _a uU%7Q@| The virgine filia reference tells you that Catharine was the daughter of Stephanus and the filius cond notation indicates that Michael was the son of Georgii of Tarnok. Eventually such productive centres of technical manuscripts as the Papal Chancery, the theological schools of Paris and Oxford, and the civil-law school of Bologna set the standards of abbreviations for all Europe. When encounteringthe abbreviation c withwhat appeared to bean apostrophe above the letter, one might suspect it to be a contraction of cum meaning with, and indeed that is the case. Because of this universal need for baptism, these records will include the majority of the people living in the parish, regardless of their social or economic status. Im researching Slovak church records in Latin. Most of those in actual use fall under one or other of the following heads: Administrative, Liturgical, Scholastic, and Chronological. The meaning is distinct from "unanimously"; "nem. One possibility is that the t is a cross. To convert dates between 1 January and 24 March to modern dating, add one year onto the year given in the parish . Written for the Carnival of Eastern European Genealogy. Among other people, or among other legal entities. endobj For example, avus refers to grandfather, avia to grandmother, and avi is used to indicate grandparents. What is the P.L. in the column Per Quem Copulati? . endobj legitimate levante . Baptismal Register - matricula baptizatorum, liber. Throughout history, terms come and terms goand thankfully for most people, archaic expressions disappear. simply means that nobody voted against. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. S\m7n7lpX@;X/xU9zgb Kl%.BKEJro:pe^ x Latin was used in the records of most European countries and in the Roman Catholic records of the United States and Canada. In some countries registers of Protestant churches, such as Lutherans and Anglicans, were also maintained in Latin. I'm looking at Dutch Reformed Church records in Churchtown, NY. Parish entries appear in two basic formats: tabular and paragraph. [The original link is broken. place and date of burial 18. eod. Used to indicate additions after a postscript. G0((bMnx(g'. Even when Latin fell out of use, many Latin abbreviations continued to be used due to their precise simplicity and Latin's status as a learned language. The conventional English transcription procedure is to use both Old and New Reckonings; for example, the Old Style of 1 February 1626 would be written as 1 February 1626/7 in the New Style. This class includes also the abbreviations for the names of most sees. Miss. If not, lets look at a possibility. The development of printing brought about the abandonment of many abbreviations, while it suggested and introduced new ones a process also favoured by the growth of ecclesiastical legislation, the creation of new offices, etc. The third line has Comp. as the lead word and usually lists only male names. Beginner's Latin. Meaning Abbreviated Abbreviations Common. This is incredibly helpful to me! <> locus domicilii cum numero domus . In particular, Lindsays bookon Latin contractions (Lindsay, W. M. 1908. Often used in medical contexts. My mother, who was then at the height of her passion for genealogy, disagreedand so I continued studying Latin, under extreme duress. or MA equates with Missioner Apostolic priest responsible for the mission. (abbreviation) Anonymous. Without seeing the original, I wonder if it is calling her the good mother. If you solve the mystery, please let me know. Example: "These results agree with the ones published by Pelon, "and the others", "and other things", "and the rest", Other archaic abbreviations include "&c.", "&/c. The most important thing to look for in Latin words is the root, as it will give you the basic meaning of the word. The singular form is never. See if there is a corresponding or follow-up document to verify information (such as in a probate file). = will datedtwp = townshipnat. Since the keeping of records as part of the civil registration systems did not start until the 19th century, parish records constitute an invaluable source of information about individuals. Oxford: J. For example Jacobum (accusative form of Jacobus) can mean Jacob or James, cross checking with census records will resolve this. Among the Romans, this was a traditional salutation at the beginning of a letter. Details. xU}Wq1Nv0tt1;dah!JCD$bVYv@j@]a7K0T2R+di{~wwG=9{s%K,Yd%K,Yd%K,Y m{hOv1\}^sq2H+7m,gm:Q(GNex]nAn/ts;[RBeR-@\43z;_% {_o"In/:[Rbb%$>w#um3p52? Contractions in early Latin miniscule mss. marriage records, and death records, check out The Magic of German Church Records Book.