[96], Celtics coach Red Auerbach retired before the 196667 NBA season. [56] Russell never had to work part-time. [59] Despite their different ethnic backgrounds and lack of common off-court interests, his relationship with Cousy was amicable. ", "Bill Russell, K.C. When Russell was eight years old, his father moved the family out of Louisiana and settled in Oakland, California. [167] On June 15, 2017, Russell was announced as the inaugural recipient of the NBA Lifetime Achievement Award. Well, that let me know that if I were to accept these as the final judges of my career I would die a bitter old man." [4] In his USF years, Russell took advantage of his relative lack of bulk to develop a unique defensive style: instead of purely guarding the opposing center, he used his quickness and speed to play help defense against opposing forwards and aggressively challenge their shots. NBA Legend Bill Russell Has Been Married 4 Times - AmoMama Bill Russell Lifestyle 2021 Wife, Children, Family, Career, Net worth, Car & House-Bill Russell Regarded as one of the best ever players in the history of . Asked by Russell what was wrong, his grandfather replied how proud he was of him, being coach of an organization in which blacks and whites coexisted in harmony. Karen Russell was born on January 20th, 1962 . The NBA legend was a victim of racism, and not even his basketball fame helped him. [106], Russell and the Celtics achieved upsets over the 76ers and the Knicks to earn a meeting with the Los Angeles Lakers in the 1969 NBA Finals. [6][7][8][9] Standing at 6ft 10in (2.08m) tall, with a 7ft 4in (2.24m) arm span,[10][11] his shot-blocking and man-to-man defense were major reasons for the Celtics' dominance during his career. "[204] Russell was also known for his natural authority. Born on January 20, 1962, Karen is not just Bill Sr. and Roses youngest child but also their only daughter, meaning she was ostensibly always extremely close to both her parents. [8][38] His awards and achievements include eleven NBA championships with the Boston Celtics in thirteen seasons,[52] two of which were won as player-coach,[142] and he is credited with having raised defensive play in the NBA to a new level. He is survived by his younger brother Jacob, his baby sister Karen, the love of his life Sherrill Hansen, his son Sean Tyler Russell, and two pet dogs/fur babies, Pugsley as well as Lilly. If you were too sheltered, you might not be motivated to help others who do not have your advantages.'. [67][108] The Celtics held on for a 108106 victory and Russell claimed his eleventh championship in thirteen years. After practice, and even during practice breaks, shed encourage me. Around that time, according to John Taylors book, The Rivalry: Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlain, and the Golden Age of Basketball, they grew emotionally distant and divorced. How many wives has Bill Russell had? Looking at the personal life of Bill Russell (1934-2022), Boston Celtics legend - Legacy.com Bill Russell was also playing for the US National basketball team, where he was the team captain during the 1956 Summer Olympics, and in fact, the team won it. Russell's stint with the Kings was considerably shorter, his last assignment ending when the Kings went 1741 to begin the 198788 NBA season. Bill Russell Wife, Girlfriend. This was in contrast to other Celtics who had to work during the offseason to maintain their standard of living; Tom Heinsohn sold insurance, Gene Guarilia was a professional guitar player, Cousy ran a basketball camp, and Red Auerbach invested in plastics and a Chinese restaurant. Shed do the same thing after games at home. [5] Russell was known as one of the most clutch players in the NBA. Oliver Hudson. NBA great Bill Russell, who anchored a Boston Celtics dynasty that won 11 championships in 13 years, died . He Had Three Children with His First Wife. [100] During the series, Russell said: "Right now, he (Wilt) is playing like me [to win]. [78] At that time, he became the fourth player in Celtics history to have a triple-double, joining Macauley, Cousy, and K. C. [183] Russell was married to Jeannine Russell at the time of his death. [59] With the Celtics leading 125123 with one second left, the Hawks had the ball at their own baseline. As Russell takes to the stage to accept the award, some fans may grow curious about his family and children. Rusell states, It was one bedroom, so my brother and I both had rollaway beds. At first, the couple was very happy. [110] Russell notified Auerbach that he was resigning to join a career in television and movies "in order to find new sources of income for the future". Thank you for . "[153] In the book, Russell wrote: "Whenever I leave the Celtics locker room, even Heaven wouldn't be good enough because anywhere else is a step down With Red [Auerbach] and Walter Brown, I was the freest athlete on the planet. Russell described himself as an avid reader of Dell Magazines' 1950s sports publications, which he used to scout opponents' moves for the purpose of defending against them. It was back when both Rose and Bill were attending the University of San Francisco in the early to mid-1950s that they first came across one another, only to feel a real spark almost immediately. #ESPYsABC #ArthurAsheAward @NBA @espn @celtics @BleacherReport @SLAMonline @BostonGlobe @ESPYS pic.twitter.com/AybfEZOzAb, TheBillRussell (@RealBillRussell) May 30, 2019, SWEET . [80] As the game was tied, Russell had the daunting task of defending against Baylor with little frontline help: Loscutoff, Heinsohn, and Satch Sanders, the three best Celtics forwards, had fouled out. His personal relationships thus take up a small part of this original as well so now, if you simply wish to learn more about the four women of his life, weve got the essential details for you. Yet its important to note that the happily married Seattle, Washington resident has since been serving at King Countys Metro Transit, where he currently holds the post of Transit Operator. [173] The statue was unveiled on November 1, 2013, with Russell in attendance. Russell said he was "proud of my grandfather's heroic dignity against forces more powerful than him he would not allow himself to be oppressed or intimidated by anyone." Updated. She is a media person, lawyer, and Black-rights activist who has also contributed to publications likeThe New York Times Magazine. [153] He could score with putbacks and made mid-air outlet passes to point guard Bob Cousy for easy fast-break points. On May 6, 1999, the Celtics re-retired Russell's jersey in a ceremony attended by his on-court rival and friend Chamberlain, along with Celtics legend Larry Bird and Hall of Famer Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. Rose Swisher, Bill Russell's ex-wife - Dicy Trends All You Need to Know About Bill Russell's Wife and Children In these eleven games, Russell averaged 18.3 points and 29.4 rebounds. It's all over! When the NBA All-Stars toured the U.S. in the 1958 offseason, white hotel owners in segregated North Carolina denied rooms to Russell and his black teammates, causing him to later write in his 1966 memoir Go Up for Glory: "It stood out, a wall which understanding cannot penetrate. [49] After the game, Russell went over to the distraught West, who had scored 42 points and was named the only NBA Finals MVP in history from the losing team, clasped his hand and tried to soothe him. As indicated, Bill Russell's children are Jacob Russell, Karen Russell, and William Russell Jr. During a press conference, Russell was asked: "As the first Negro head coach in a major league sport, can you do the job impartially without any racial prejudice in reverse?" "[207] To teammates and friends, Russell was open and amicable; he was extremely distrusting and cold towards anyone else. Although the middle child of Bill Sr. and Rose Swisher (born on July 6, 1959), Jacob is arguably the simplest member of the prominent Russell family in almost every sense of the term. (Video: Reuters) In his prime, the goateed . But there's another type who makes the players around him look better than they are, and that's the type Russell was. Dorothy, who went by Didi, hailed from Kirkland, Washington, and went on to compete at the Miss Universe Pageant in July in Miami Beach of that same year. [109] Journalists were often treated to the "Russell Glower", described as an "icily contemptuous stare accompanied by a long silence". Kids/Children Name: Karen Russell, William Jr Russel, Jacob Russel: Profession: Basketball player: Net Worth: $10 million: . People broke into his house and destroyed his trophies, among many other outrageous deeds. [137] Russell attended Game 5 of the 2009 NBA Finals to present Bryant the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player award. Bill Russell, an 11-time NBA champion with the Boston Celtics and the first Black head coach in a major American sports league, died July 31. [59], At the start of the 195758 NBA season, the Celtics won fourteen straight games and continued to succeed. Russell used his popularity to fight for civil rights and help others who were in a similar situation. The owner of the Hawks called Auerbach later and demanded more in the trade. Jacob Russell, William Russell Jr., and Karen Russell nare his children. Bill Russell's age is 89 years old as of today's date 3rd March 2023 having been born on 12 February 1934. . I was first team All American. [136] During halftime of the 2009 NBA All-Star Game, Celtics captains Ray Allen, Kevin Garnett, and Paul Pierce presented Russell a surprise birthday cake for his 75th birthday. Bill was married four times and had three children with his first wife and college sweetheart Rose Swisher. [98] Third choice Tom Heinsohn also said no because he did not think he could handle the often surly Russell,[98] whom he proposed as a player-coach. "[49], Duiring the 196869 NBA season, Russell was shocked by the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, disillusioned by the Vietnam War, and weary from his increasingly stale marriage to his wife Rose; the couple later divorced. "[5] The Sixers outpaced the Celtics when they shredded the famed Boston defense by scoring 140 points in the clinching Game 5 win. In the 1960 NBA playoffs, Russell's Celtics met Chamberlain's Warriors in the Eastern Division Finals. Heinsohn felt that Russell resented him because the former was named the 1957 NBA Rookie of the Year. My father is Bill Russell . Russell used a copy as extra motivation and told his team to play a running game because in that case it was not the better but the more determined team that was going to win. At 85 years old, he is still active going to watch basketball games with his wife Jeannine Russell, as he shows in his Instagram account. Bill Russell is survived by three children he shares with his first wife and college sweetheart, Rose Swisher. [52] The U.S. dominated the tournament, winning by an average of 53.5 points per game. In his 13 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the Boston Celtics, Bill Russell, who has died aged 88, won . Click to reveal [107], Days later, 30,000 Celtics fans cheered their returning heroes. Who is Bill Russell's wife? | The US Sun "[49], In the 195960 NBA season, the NBA witnessed the debut of 7ft 1in (2.16m) Philadelphia Warriors center Wilt Chamberlain, who averaged a record 37.6 points per game in his rookie year. Russell was married three times prior to Jeannine. Russell's impact even breached the walls of racism and segregation in that area; amazingly, some white children attended the sports learning camp. In overtime, Frank Ramsey, the fourth forward, fouled out trying to guard Baylor, so Russell was robbed of his usual four-men wing rotation; he and little-used fifth forward Gene Guarilia successfully pressured Baylor into missed shots. Pin. "[109][207] When his white Celtics teammate Frank Ramsey asked whether he hated him, Russell stated that he had been misquoted but few believed it. [14] In 2011, Barack Obama awarded Russell the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his accomplishments on the court and in the civil rights movement. [49] Despite this, the Celtics were leading only 9795 with 34 seconds left when Russell closed out the game with several consecutive clutch plays. In honoring the legendary athlete, ESPN writes that recipients of the distinguished award, reflect the spirit of Arthur Ashe, possessing strength in the face of adversity, courage in the face of peril and the willingness to stand up for their beliefs no matter what the cost.. [98] On April 16, 1966, Russell agreed to become head coach of the Celtics, and a public announcement was made two days later. [48] He was active in the Black Power movement and was among the African-American athletes and the one political leader who came together at the 1967 Cleveland Summit to support Muhammad Ali and his decision to refuse to be drafted. His 1956 rookie contract was worth $24,000 (equivalent to $239,207 in 2021), only fractionally smaller than the $25,000 of top earner and teammate Bob Cousy. NBA legend Bill Russell dies at 88 | NBA.com Russell was so quick that he could run over for a quick double team and make it back in time if the opponents tried to find the open man. In addition to Macauley, who was the Celtics' premier player at the time, he wanted Cliff Hagan, who had been serving in the military for three years and had not yet played for the Celtics. Bill Russells daughter, Karen, was born on January 20, 1962. Russell . Karen graduated from Harward Law School and has dissected high-profile trials and national political issues. Bill Russell's Daughter Account of Racism He Faced Resurfaces - MSN [2] Russell and Henri Richard of the National Hockey League are tied for the record of the most championships won by an athlete in a North American sports league. Bill Russell: Death, Career, Retirement & Controversy - Players Bio In 1954, he became the first coach of a major college basketball squad to start three African-American players: K. C. Jones, Hal Perry, and Russell. Auerbach had informed his players to not endorse candidates or causes, as it would alienate fans; Cousy campaigned for Ted Kennedy in 1962. "[198] In 2009, Russell wrote his paternal grandfather's motto, passed down to his father and then to him: "A man has to draw a line inside himself that he won't allow any man to cross." Of the book, Bill Bradley wrote for The New York Times Book Review that "Bill Russell is a private, complex man, but on the subject of his love of Red Auerbach and his Celtic teammates, he's loud and clear. If I looked at it objectively, detached myself, it would be a deficiency. Aside from that, the late Russell remained a big part of the . The first team to start five black players was the Boston Celtics. Chamberlain outscored Russell by 81 points in the series, but the Celtics walked off with a 42 series win. [29] When DeJulio offered Russell a scholarship, he eagerly accepted. The truth is she had to pursue different opportunities to make money for herself since she wanted to attend university, which ultimately led her to the glamorous world of pageantry. Bill Russell - Wikipedia [19] When he later became a standout college player at USF, Russell recalled how he and his few fellow black teammates were jeered by white students. [104] After losing for the fifth straight time against Russell and the Celtics, Hall-of-Fame Lakers guard Jerry West stated: "If I had a choice of any basketball player in the league, my No. [5] Chamberlain said Russell's timing as a shot-blocker was unparalleled. They had three children: daughter Karen Russell and sons William Jr. and Jacob. National tragedy struck on April 4, day of the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. With eight of the ten starting players on Sixers and Celtics being black, both teams were in deep shock and there were calls to cancel the series. He also served a three-season (19661969) stint as player-coach for the Celtics, becoming the first black coach in the NBA and the first to win a championship. [202] Later in Russell's career, John Havlicek said of his teammate and coach that he threw up less often than early in his career, only doing so "when it's an important game or an important challenge for himsomeone like Chamberlain, or someone coming up that everyone's touting. In a game called as "unreal" and "devoid of emotion", the Sixers lost 127118 on April 5. He starred in college playing center at the University of San Francisco, leading the team to . He worked hard and used the benefits of a growth spurt to become a decent basketball player. [161] In 2020, he was ranked No. He was 88. The Celtics won Game 4 in an upset, but the Hawks prevailed in Games 5 and 6, with Pettit scoring 50 points in the deciding Game 6. Bill Russell Speaks at Ceremony for New Statue, For the unveiling of the new statue in Boston City Hall Plaza, Bill Russell speaks about his career as both an athlete and activist, as well as the importance of mentoring and friendship. [143][156] Russell is universally seen as one of the best NBA players ever,[5] and he was declared "Greatest Player in the History of the NBA" by the Professional Basketball Writers Association of America in 1980. [13], Russell's life was marked by an uphill battle against racism and controversial actions and statements in response to racism. [15], Russell was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1975, was one of the founding inductees into the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame in 2006 and was enshrined in the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2007. She has accomplished a great deal in her life. Russell was equally notable for his rebounding abilities, and he led the NBA in rebounds four times, had a dozen consecutive seasons of 1,000 or more rebounds,[12] and remains second all time in both total rebounds and rebounds per game. Bill Russell's daughter Karen Russell a legal and political analyst was born Karen Kenyatta Russell on January 20, 1962, graduated from Harvard Law School and Georgetown University; she has contributed to the Huffington . In 2014, after the unveiling of his statue at City Hall in Boston, Russell spoke a bit about his parents and what his life was like growing up. Russell has always worn a jersey with No. After the next provocation, Russell pounded Felix to the point of unconsciousness, paid a modest $25 fine, and rarely was the target of cheap fouls thereafter. Reserve forward Alex Hannum threw a long alley-oop pass to Pettit and Pettit's tip-in rolled indecisively on the rim for several seconds before rolling out again. [162] In 2022, he was ranked No. He took issue with a few things Brand said, and . Bill Russell Wives: The 4 Women The Legendary Player Married 6 jersey will be retired across the NBA, was a champion, a gold medalist and a civil rights activist. Bill Russell is an 11-time NBA champion, and 12-time All-Star and is perhaps the game's greatest champion. Frank Robinson, a future member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, was one of Russell's high school basketball teammates. [90][91] It was their sixth consecutive and seventh title in Russell's eight years with the team, a streak unreached in any U.S. professional sports league. She works as an attorney, corporate trainer, and political strategist, according to the Huffington Post. He shares all three of his children with his first wife and college sweetheart, Rose Swisher, whom he divorced in 1973. NBA legend and Hall of Famer Bill Russell died Sunday at the age of 88. Nothing went on outside the borders of the court. He is depicted in-game, surrounded by 11 plinths representing the 11 championships he helped the Celtics win. The children from Bill's marriage to Rose include Karen Russell, William Russel Jr., and Jacob Russell. Bill Russell poses with his Championship rings in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1996. [20] Russell stated that his father became his childhood hero, later followed up by Minneapolis Lakers superstar George Mikan, whom he met when he was in high school. [152] In 2009, Russell's erstwhile Knicks opponent Bill Bradley wrote in The New York Times Book Review that Russell "was the smartest player ever to play the game [of basketball]". If that isn't goaltending, I want somebody to tell me what it is. [80][81] Russell finished with a clutch performance, scoring 30 points, along with 4 assists,[82] and tying his own NBA Finals record with 40 rebounds in a 110107 overtime win. Bill Russell Personal life, Spouse & Trivia. His first wife was his University of San Francisco college . Bill Russell lived a life like very few others - Boston.com Bill Russell was one of the greatest players in NBA history who was known for his outstanding defense. Bill Russell Receives the 2017 NBA Lifetime Achievement Award | NBA on TNT. Suddenly, his grandfather broke down crying. Bill had two sons William Felton Jr and Jacob who kept their private lives out of the public spotlight. Although Russell was a good runner and jumper and had large hands,[20] he did not understand the game and was cut from the team at Herbert Hoover Junior High School. [121] Perennially wary of what he long perceived as a racist city, Russell decided to make amends and gave his approval. So we never, or at least I never, ever considered him as having ulterior motives for whatever he did. [138][139] Russell was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama in 2011. [5][41], Besides basketball, Russell represented USF in track and field events. [177], On August 2, 2020, the West Coast Conference (WCC), which has been home to Russell's alma mater of USF since the league's formation in 1952,[178][a] became the first NCAA Division I conference to adopt a conference-wide diversity hiring commitment, announcing the Russell Rule, named after Russell and based on the National Football League's Rooney Rule. He later commented that he would have participated in the high jump if he had been snubbed by the basketball team. Over 50 percent of responses said 'There's too many black players. He is said to have made a conscious decision to put the team first and foremost, and not worry about individual achievements. Says Bill Russell: "Basketball is a game that involves a great deal of psychology. A post shared by Bill Russell (@realbillrussell) on Oct 7, 2018 at 10:07pm PDT. 6 jersey to be retired throughout NBA", "NBA players who currently wear No. [219] The FBI maintained a file on Russell and described him in their file as "an arrogant Negro who won't sign autographs for white children". Celtics owner Walter A. Together, Russell and Swisher had three children: daughter Karen, and sons William Jr. and Jacob. . He is quoted by Fox Sports as saying that his father lived in Louisiana. [196] Russell also had a shoe designed by Bristol Manufacturing Corporation in 1966, the Bill Russell Professional Basketball Shoe. Bill Russell, Celtics legend and NBA trailblazer, dead at 88 LeBron James of the Los Angeles Lakers), are grandfatheredthey may keep the number until they voluntarily change it or retirebut the number will not be issued again to a new player. July 31, 2022 1:50 PM PT. [208] The close relationship ended after Game 7 of the 1969 NBA Finals, when Chamberlain injured his knee with six minutes left and was forced to leave the game. [205] At the time his additional role of coach was announced, Russell publicly stated he believed Red Auerbach's impact as a coach confined every or almost every relationship with each Celtic player to a strictly professional one. The Celtics won, earning their first NBA championship. Bill Russell (left), star of the Boston Celtics, is congratulated by coach Arnold "Red" Auerbach after scoring his 10,000th point in the NBA game against the Baltimore Bullets in Boston Garden on . On July 31, 2022, shetweeteda series of pictures with her late father, captioned: "Keanu Reeves on death, 'I know that the ones who love us will miss us.'". [21][42] That year, Russell won high jump titles at the Central California Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) meet, the Pacific AAU meet, and the West Coast Relays (WCR). Bill Russell was born on February 12, 1934 and he died on July 21, 2022 aged 88. . [34] Even after he became a star with the Celtics, Russell was the victim of racial abuse. He has all three children with his first wife, Rose Swisher. [19] Russell's father was once refused service at a gas station until the staff had taken care of all the white customers first. He was one of five, along with James Naismith, Oscar Robertson, Dean Smith, and John Wooden, selected to represent the inaugural class. NBA legend and civil rights activist Bill Russell dies at 88 - CNN Over the course of his life, Rusell played 13 seasons with the Boston Celtics, during which time he took home 11 championships titles with the team. Rules on Defense, Coach of Warriors Says", "The 'Coleman Play' introduced and defined Bill Russell's never-say-die leadership to Boston", "12 times NBA awards were pretty ridiculous", "Syracuse Nationals at Boston Celtics Box Score, February 5, 1960", "Boston Celtics at Philadelphia Warriors Box Score, November 24, 1960", "1960 NBA Finals Game 2: St. Louis Hawks at Boston Celtics Box Score, March 29, 1960", "1960 NBA Finals Game 7: St. Louis Hawks at Boston Celtics Box Score, April 9, 1960", "Celtics Give Sharman Championship Sendoff", "Boston Celtics at Los Angeles Lakers Box Score, April 16, 1962", "Boston Celtics Players to have recorded a triple-double", "1962 NBA Finals Game 7: Los Angeles Lakers at Boston Celtics Box Score, April 18, 1962", "Cincinnati Royals vs Boston Celtics Box Score, January 31, 1963", "Kennedy Greets Celtics, but Bill Russell Sleeps", "New York Knicks at Boston Celtics Box Score, February 10, 1963", "1963 NBA Finals Game 3: Boston Celtics at Los Angeles Lakers Box Score, April 17, 1963", "On this day: Pandemic pause anniversary; Russell's 49 boards; Potapenko trade", "Detroit Pistons vs Boston Celtics Box Score, March 11, 1965", "1968 Sportsman of the Year: Bill Russell, Boston Celtics coach-player", "Bill Russell Reported Favoring Movie Career", "Celtics legend Bill Russell receives second induction into Basketball Hall of Fame, as coach this time", "Successful, short-lived coaching days get Bill Russell into Hall again", "Bill Russell, NBA great and former Sonics coach, dies at 88", "Bill Russell Leaves Lasting Impact on Kings", "Watch Saturday Night Live Episode: November 3 Bill Russell", "Culture Now Is a Great Time to Read Bill Russell's Memoir", "Best Betting Scenes: Bill Russell Goes Rogue on 'Miami Vice', "Russell Redux: A Private Man Bursts Back Into the Public Eye", "Shaq heeds Russell's call for peace; Lakers hold on for win", "Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame to induct founding class", "Sports legend Bill Russell receives an honorary degree at the 2007 Suffolk University commencement", "Honorary degrees awarded at Commencement's Morning Exercises", "Dartmouth grads hear 'nose dive' warning", "Naismith and FIBA Hall of Fame: Full list of inductees enshrined at Springfield and Madrid", "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement Sports", "The Finals MVP to Receive Bill Russell MVP Award", "All-Star Top 10, from Shaq's moves to boos for Spurs", "Kobe shows maturity of last seven years in leading Lakers to title", "Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients (Photos)", "Inside the Iconic Obama Basketball Games at the White House", "25 players that won a NCAA and NBA championship", "Jordan, Jabbar, Russell and Magic won NCAA and NBA titles, but it's become a rare feat", "Quick quiz: Only four players have been", "How Bill Russell's coaching career opened doors for NBA's Black head coaches", "Bill Russell: How historic success as the league's first Black coach paved the way for others", "NBA Legend Bill Russell Became First Black Coach In Pro Sports 46 Years Ago Today", "Biggest moments for NBA's 15 Greatest Coaches", "Top 10 NBA Players With The Most Finals And Regular Season MVPs Combined", "Ranking Every NBA All-Defensive First Team in History from Worst to First", "NBA 75: Bill Russell, 1960s Athlete of the Decade (TSN Archives)", "ESPN's 'SportsCentury' Goes Back-Back-Back", "Top N. American athletes of the century", "Daily Dime: Special Edition The game's greatest giants ever", "Ranking the top 74 NBA players of all time: Nos.